Beijing – China and the European Union concluded their 25th summit on July 24, 2025, in Beijing, marking 50 years of diplomatic relations. The high-level meeting resulted in key agreements on climate change and export controls, as announced by the Chinese Foreign Ministry. The summit saw participation from Chinese President Xi Jinping, European Council President Antonio Costa, and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen.
A significant outcome was a joint statement affirming shared commitments to green development and deeper cooperation on climate action. Both sides reiterated their support for the Paris Agreement and pledged to lead global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including at the upcoming COP30 climate summit in Brazil. This agreement highlights a common ground for collaboration despite broader disagreements.
Additionally, the two economic blocs agreed to launch an upgraded export control dialogue. This initiative aims to protect the stability of industrial and supply chains, with a particular focus on facilitating the export of critical minerals. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen confirmed the agreement to start an "upgraded export supply mechanism" to fast-track these crucial materials.
Despite these specific agreements, the summit was largely overshadowed by underlying tensions and disagreements. Reports indicate major points of contention included trade imbalances, the EU's concerns over market access for its companies, and China's stance on the war in Ukraine. The EU has also imposed tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles, further straining economic relations.
While the climate and export control agreements represent areas of cooperation, analysts noted the limited progress on other major issues. The summit underscored the complex and often challenging nature of the China-EU relationship, balancing areas of mutual interest with significant geopolitical and economic divergences. The dialogue on export controls, particularly concerning critical minerals, will be closely watched for its practical implementation and impact on global supply chains.