Harvard psychologist and author Steven Pinker recently highlighted a perceived gap in historical education, suggesting it contributes to shifting political attitudes among younger generations. In a tweet, Pinker asserted that "One reason, I suspect, that younger people are cynical about democracy and open to 'socialism' is that they did not grow up with the USSR, Mao, & Pol Pot & don't learn about them in school." He concluded his statement by emphasizing that "Totalitarian Studies are Sorely Needed."
Pinker's argument posits that a lack of direct experience and formal education on the historical realities of totalitarian regimes, such as the Soviet Union, Maoist China, and Pol Pot's Cambodia, leaves younger individuals more susceptible to ideologies that might otherwise be viewed with caution. This perspective aligns with his broader academic work, including his book The Blank Slate, where he argues that denying fundamental aspects of human nature can lead to dangerous social engineering and totalitarian outcomes. He has consistently advocated for a data-driven understanding of progress and the importance of historical context.
Recent polling data supports the observation of increased openness to socialism among young Americans. A 2025 Campus Reform survey found that 62 percent of adults under 30 expressed a favorable view of socialism, while a 2019 Gallup poll indicated that 61 percent of 18-24 year olds held a positive view. Furthermore, a 2025 Gallup report revealed that socialism and capitalism are now tied in popularity among young adults, marking a significant shift from previous decades.
Interpretations for this trend vary, with some analyses suggesting that young Americans' interest in "socialism" often stems from concerns about economic inequality and a desire for policies akin to European social democracies, rather than a preference for historical communist systems. Polls from the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation and Young America's Foundation have also indicated that a majority of young people may not accurately define socialism or free enterprise, and that increased knowledge often correlates with a less favorable view.
Pinker's call for "Totalitarian Studies" underscores a belief that a deeper, more comprehensive understanding of historical totalitarianism is crucial for informed civic engagement and for safeguarding democratic values. His advocacy highlights an ongoing debate about the role of historical education in shaping contemporary political thought and the long-term implications of evolving generational perspectives on economic and political systems.