Sloping Roofs and Courtyard Designs: The Enduring Architectural Link Between Kerala and China

The striking architectural similarities between the Indian state of Kerala and China have long been a subject of discussion among historians and enthusiasts. A recent tweet by user Rishi🥥🗽🌐🔰🏙 highlighted this observation, stating, > "I'm still not sure in which direction this architectural influence went. The similarities between Kerala and Chinese architecture is undeniable however." This sentiment underscores a complex historical and cultural exchange, or perhaps a parallel evolution driven by similar environmental factors.

Both Kerala and various regions of China, particularly those in East and Southeast Asia, share prominent architectural features such as multi-tiered, sloping roofs and the widespread use of wood as a primary construction material. These design choices are often attributed to the necessity of adapting to heavy monsoon rainfall and humid climates, allowing for efficient water drainage and ventilation. The traditional Kerala "Nalukettu" courtyard houses, for instance, bear a resemblance to Chinese courtyard dwellings, both designed to facilitate air circulation and provide a central, open space within the structure.

Historical records indicate extensive maritime trade between the Malabar Coast of Kerala and China dating back centuries. Chinese mariners like Zheng He visited Kozhikode multiple times in the 14th and 15th centuries, facilitating cultural and commercial exchanges. This interaction led to the adoption of Chinese elements in Kerala, such as the iconic "Chinese fishing nets" (Cheena Vala) in Kochi and the "cheenachatti" (Chinese pot) used in local cuisine, suggesting a broader transfer of ideas and technologies.

While direct architectural influence from China on Kerala is plausible, some theories suggest a common origin for certain shared styles. The pagoda-style architecture, prevalent in both regions, is believed by some scholars to have originated in Nepal (Newar architecture) and subsequently spread across Asia, including to Kerala and East Asia. This would imply a shared, older lineage rather than a direct one-way influence. Experts also point out that the emphasis on horizontal depth over vertical height is a commonality, contrasting with other Indian architectural styles.

Ultimately, the architectural parallels between Kerala and China likely stem from a combination of factors: pragmatic responses to similar climatic conditions, ancient trade routes fostering cultural diffusion, and potentially shared historical roots or influences from intermediary regions like Nepal. The exact direction of influence remains a topic of intriguing academic debate, reflecting the rich tapestry of interconnected Asian civilizations.